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Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter
1: What is Nutritional Anthropology?
Chapter
2: The Farming Revolution and Its Consequences
Chapter
3: How We Eat and Its Consequences
Chapter
4: The Science I: Population Studies and Biochemical Clues
Chapter
5: The Science II: Digestive System and
Dietary Clues
Chapter
6: The Owner’s Manual
Chapter
7: Eating the “Savanna Model” Way
Chapter
8: The Savanna Model Lifestyle
Chapter
9: Disease and the Bond Effect
Conclusion
Resources
References
Index
This
book is the culmination of a long journey. Many people have helped me
along the way and it is my pleasure here to single out some of them for
special mention.
An
early, and essential, influence was that of my quietly determined,
selfless grandmother, Anna. At her knee, we learned to respect our
bodies and to keep close to nature. She taught us to think critically
about what we put in our mouths and to get plenty of fresh air,
exercise, and sunshine. She pluckily challenged the dietary doctrines of
her day. She was decades ahead of her time and, as pioneers do, had to
suffer much uncomprehending banter. Thanks to her influence in my
childhood over half a century ago, I have lived a life brimming with
good health. If I have seen further than most, then it is only because,
as a small boy, I used to sit on Anna’s shoulders. She would be
immensely proud.
My
insights would not have been possible without the peculiarities of
upbringing that created in me an untamed questioning, a delight in
discovery, and a distaste for humbug. Thank you, then, to my
undoctrinaire parents who taught me to be honest to the evidence and to
hold fast in the teeth of dogma-driven opposition.
I
am indebted to my wife Nicole. This book had a long and difficult
gestation and she was always there with her encouragement and support.
Like the faery’s child, she found me the manna dew which sustained and
nourished my firmness of
purpose. Nicole vetted the early proofs: thanks to her I made major
improvements to comprehensibility and readability. With the enthusiasm
of the convert, she works tirelessly to publicize the life-saving
knowledge contained in these pages. With her French background, Nicole
is an enthusiastic cook. She has delighted in developing ways of
preparing delicious food in conformity with the Savanna Model. These she
has crystallized into her cookbook, Healthy
Harvest. The
reader will find a sample of these recipes in chapter 7.
This
book would not have been possible without the confidence of my
publisher, Rudy Shur, of Square One Publishers. In his words, “You
have a great rough diamond, we have to release the brilliant stone
inside.” Thanks to his patient guidance, we transformed the ugly
duckling into a swan. Thanks also to my editor, John Anderson, who
shaped the final drafts and refrained from excising too many of my
flights of fancy.
I
am indebted to the many expert reviewers whose opinions, encouragement,
and advice have improved the relevance, usefulness, and scientific
accuracy of the text: Rita Stec, M.D., president of the Walter T. Stec
Memorial Foundation of Indian Wells, California; Elber S. Camacho, M.D.,
medical director of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, in Palm Springs;
Dr. Günter Nöll, of Vienna, Austria, biochemist and authority on
edible wild plants; and Caroline Mansfield, N.D., director of The
Naturopathic Clinic, in London. If, in spite of their efforts, there
remain any deficiencies or differences of opinion, then these are mine
alone.
page 1
Introduction
A
zookeeper puts signs in front of the cages saying, “Please do not feed
the animals.” Have you ever thought about that? If you feed lions on
popcorn or gorillas on pizza, they get sick and die. The zookeeper knows
that there is a particular feeding pattern that is right for each of
these creatures. We now realize that there is a particular feeding
pattern appropriate for human creatures as well.
A
new science has come into being to explore this fascinating subject:
nutritional anthropology. It is the spellbinding story about what it
means to be human—in nutritional terms. It provides an extraordinarily
powerful understanding of how, by eating in harmony with the way our
bodies are designed, we can rejoice in the best possible health and
relish the prospect of a long life.
We
accept that lions and gorillas have bodies, digestive systems, and
feeding patterns that are adapted to the environment in which they live.
Lions, who live by catching and eating fleet-footed antelope, have
razor-sharp claws, needle teeth, and powerful stomach acids. Gorillas,
who live by chomping through vast quantities of vegetation, have massive
molars and long colons. Lions’ bodies are designed to work on the food
that lions eat and gorillas’ bodies are designed to work on the food
that gorillas eat. Yet we imagine, incorrectly, that humans are made to
eat anything.
What
feeding environment are human bodies designed for? Nutritional
anthropology shows that there is a very precise specification for the
human diet, developed by our human ancestors over millennia, and our
bodies are designed to work according to those instructions and no
others. It is an adventure story, stretching across the globe and into
the distant past, to discover what humans were designed to eat. The past
is the future: modern-day humans have changed very little, genetically
speaking, and we are still living in bodies that nature designed to
thrive in that far off time. Examining our ancestors’ way of life
provides powerful clues to how we should be living today. These
remarkable insights show how, in many surprising and unsuspected ways,
we can make critical, life-transforming adjustments. The way humans have
been eating and living for many thousands of years has not been ideal.
In this book, you will learn how we discovered this and come to
understand what we can do to improve and enrich our own lives right now.
Page
2
Our
first goal is to open your mind to a whole new way of thinking about the
fuel that your body needs. Once this reality is accepted, we can move
forward to learning how to practice this way of feeding in today’s
world. The news is good—we live in a society where there is a huge
variety and abundance of food available from all corners of the globe at
any time of the year. We just have to learn how to choose wisely.
One
of the most troubling aspects of our busy lives is the constant
bombardment of conflicting messages directed at us by the health and
food industries. In this book, we show you the way to peace of mind. The
insights of nutritional anthropology empower you to judge for yourself.
They bring clarity to the confusion and allow you to select with
confidence which claims to accept and which to reject. After all, our
ancestors knew they were living in a dangerous, treacherous, and
unpredictable jungle. They had the skills to survive: they knew which
mushrooms were poisonous and which berries were safe. This book can help
teach you the skills to survive in today’s supermarket jungle.
The
insights of nutritional anthropology get at the root causes of the
“diseases of civilization”: cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes,
obesity, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and many more.
These diseases are not inevitable, they are optional. These are
lifestyle diseases, which can be avoided and put into remission. By
understanding the principles of nutritional anthropology and eating in
accordance with our naturally adapted lifestyle, you will be able to
choose the right foods to eat and know why. You can improve your health
to be better able to combat any disease and live longer. Your body will
find its natural ideal weight, either losing or gaining according to its
needs. You will be able to take control of your eating habits and
thus your life.
These
are powerful claims, but as a scientist I am not given to flights of
fancy or guesswork. All the information in this book is based on
evidence-driven science. These insights are new, because the various
pieces of the puzzle have only recently been put together. For example,
peering deep into our DNA is one of the exciting new tools for unlocking
the secrets of our genetic heritage. And there are many other fields
that are yielding fascinating new insights about how human beings are
“designed” to live. This book gathers this scattered, cutting-edge
information and synthesizes it into a coherent whole.
But
this is not just theory—the ideas work. Over the past decade,
thousands of individuals have been empowered by this information. I have
personally worked with many of them to understand the nature of disease,
to take control of their eating habits, and to help them live a
healthier lifestyle. Many people’s lives have been transformed by the
insights of nutritional anthropology.
Page
3
The
Journey Ahead
The
first part of the book explains nutritional anthropology—how we know
what it means to be a human being, particularly in nutritional terms. We
highlight the consequences of our divergence from the ideal eating
pattern. The middle part of the book deals with how humans moved away
from our naturally adapted environment, feeding patterns, and lifestyle
and looks at the science supporting our claims. Then, based on these
insights, we develop an “Owner’s Manual” for how we should be
feeding ourselves today and show you how to put it into action today.
Finally, we present an overview of specific diseases and how these
relate to the ways we eat and live.
•
Chapter 1 describes the remarkable discoveries of nutritional
anthropology: about where we came from and how our ancestors made their
living there.
•
Chapter 2 describes how, over many millennia, more and more foods have
become part of our diets (not always for the best) and describes how
governments, somewhat arbitrarily, provide dietary guidelines.
•
Chapter 3 reviews how we eat today and hints at the surprising health
consequences.
•
Chapters 4 and 5 go backstage to look at the science behind these
assertions, bringing in evidence from other areas of scientific enquiry
that satisfyingly complete the picture.
•
In chapter 6, we pull all the pieces of evidence together to define the
“Owners Manual,” the naturally adapted eating pattern for the human
species.
•
Chapter 7 sets out the route map for feeding ourselves in today’s
world. It gives practical advice, strategies for different situations,
and a step-by-step approach for easily putting the principles into
practice.
•
Chapter 8 shows how we can make adjustments in our lives—to bring them
in line with our naturally adapted lifestyle—that can help our
well-being. Stress, exercise, spirituality, kinships, family
relationships, differences between the sexes, parenting, and other
topics are explored.
•
Chapter 9 looks at the connection among what we eat, lifestyle factors,
and the “diseases of civilization.” Returning to our naturally
adapted feeding patterns can greatly improve our health and well-being.
This
book’s fusion of healthy eating with healthy thinking could not be
more important, dealing as it does with the absolute fundamentals of
human nature. It feels good to know at last that you have a coherent and
focused road map for humbug-free bodily nutrition. It is a relief to be
clear about where you have to go, and you’ll feel better about
yourself for taking control of your destiny.
Page
4
You
will find the secret to what it means to be a human being living in
close connection with our natural lifestyle. Everyone can use these
ideas to enhance their image, inside and out. It contains the
easy-to-learn skills of how to harmonize your eating with human genetic
programming. That is the idea of the “Bond Effect”—that we can
make adjustments to our ways of eating, our ways of thinking, and our
lifestyle so that they coincide as closely as possible with our
inherited natural traits, offering the key to a healthy and harmonious
life.
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